Scope of Islamic Education
The scope of Islamic religious education includes harmony, harmony, and balance between human relationships with Allah SWT, human relationships with fellow human beings, and the three relationships of man with himself and human relationships with other creatures and environment.
The scope of Islamic education has a very wide scope, because the teachings of Islam contains teaching about the living order covering all aspects of human life, the Islamic education is a lifestyle teaching that contains the basic guidelines used by humans in living his life in this world and to prepare for his life the prosperous in the Hereafter.
The scope of Islamic education covers all areas of human life in a world where human beings are able to use it as a place to plant the seeds of amaliah whose fruit will be picked in the hereafter, the formation of values and attitude of Islamiyah amaliyah in the new human person will be achieved effectively when done through the educational process walking on the rules of educational science.
In the process of teaching and learning, the material factors determine the direction and purpose of education. Similarly, religious education given to children, the material will affect the achievement of the ultimate goal of education. Broadly speaking there are several areas of Islamic education materials, such as aqidah, worship and morals.
Islamic education is human endeavor with the guidance and leadership to help and direct the nature of the religion of the students towards the formation of the main personality in accordance with religious teachings. Thus, the scope of Islamic education according to Hasbi ash-Shidiqi include:
1. Tarbiyah Jisminiyah, namely all forms of education whose form nourishes and nourishes the body and enforce it, in order to hamper the difficulties encountered in his experience.
2. Tarbiyah Aqliyah, ie as the form of education in the lessons that result in intellectual mind sharpen the brain such as numeracy.
3. Tarbiyah Adabiyah, all kinds of practices and theories that his form improves manners and temperament. Tarbiyah adabiyah or moral character in Islamic teachings is one of the main teachings that must be taught to people to have or implement the noble morality that has been exemplified by the Messenger of Allah SWT.
Judging from the meaning and scope of Islamic education above, it is clear that Islamic religious education seeks to form strong and good personality based on the teachings of Islam. For that Islamic religious education since childhood in the family environment then subsequent formal institutional coaching (school) ranging from elementary to college level.
When viewed from the aspect of the discussion then the scope of Islamic education is commonly implemented in schools are:
a. The teaching of faith
Faith teaching means teaching and learning process about the aspect of belief, in this case of course belief according to Islamic teachings, the core of this teaching is about the pillars of Islam.
b. Moral teaching
Moral teaching is a form of teaching that leads to the formation of the soul, how to behave individually in life, this teaching means the process of teaching and learning in achieving the goal so that is taught good morals.
c. The teaching of worship
The teaching of worship is the teaching of all forms of worship and the procedure of implementation, the purpose of this teaching so that students are able to perform the worship properly and correctly. Understand all forms of worship and understand the meaning and purpose of worship.
d. Teaching fiqh
The teaching of jurisprudence is the teaching which conveys the material about all forms of Islamic law derived from the Qur'an, sunnah, and other syar'i propositions. The purpose of this teaching is for students to know and understand about the laws of Islam and implement it in everyday life.
e. Teaching the Qur'an
The teaching of the Qur'an is a teaching that aims to enable students to read the Qur'an and understand the meaning of the content contained in every verse of the Qur'an. However, in practice only certain verses are included in Islamic religious education materials that are tailored to the level of education.
f. The teaching of Islamic history
The purpose of teaching of Islamic history is that students can know about the growth and development of Islam from the beginning to the present day so that students can recognize and love the teachings of Islam.
According to Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan as quoted by Heri Jauhari Muchtar said in general the scope of Islamic education consists of seven elements of material are as follows:
a. Faith Education
This education includes faith in God, angels, God's books, prophets / apostles, the hereafter and destiny. Included in the material of worship procedures, both worship mahdhah such as prayer, zakat, fasting, and hajj; as well as worship ghair mahdhah as do good to others. The purpose of this material is for children to have a strong foundation of faith and worship.
b. Moral education
This educational material is an exercise to awaken the lusts of God and eliminate the lust of Shaytaan. In this material the child is introduced or trained on:
1) Behavior / noble character. Such as honest, humble, patient, and so forth.
2) Behavior / morally disgraceful like lies, arrogant, treacherous and so forth.
After the materials are taught to the child, is expected to have noble moral behaviors and stay away from and leave the noble moral behaviors.
c. Physical / physical education
Rasulullah never preach his people to teach mamanah, swimming, horse and martial arts to his sons and daughters. It is an instruction to us to teach physical education to children. The purpose of this material is for the child to have a healthy body and strong and have basic skills such as running, jumping and swimming.
d. Education Ratio / Intellect
Man as a creature created by Allah by being endowed with advantages such as intellect, so that this mind can develop well it needs to be trained regularly and in accordance with age and ability of the child. examples of this material is in the form of numeracy lessons or problem solving. The purpose of this material is so that children can be intelligent and able to think solutif and solve problems faced.
e. Physical Education.
In addition to the lust and reason that must be trained or educated on the human self is the psyche or conscience. In this material the child is trained to be able to nurture his conscience to become a leader in himself. And can speak the truth under any circumstances. In addition it is expected that the child has a soul or a strong conscience patient, and steadfast in living this life.
f. Social / Community Education
As we know that man has two relationship tasks to be done in his life, that is the relationship with Allah (hablumminallah) and human relationships with fellow human beings (hablumminannas).
g. Sexual Education
Sexual education is meant here is Islamic and in accordance with the development of the child's age and mental. We are concerned with the development of the current way of life of the people who more imitate the way of life that tends to be far from religious values. If this continues, it will destroy the human life, and will plunge them into a lower dignity even lower than animals.
Thus, it can be understood that the scope of Islamic education centered on the main source of Islamic teachings, namely al-Qur'an and Hadith, both at the level of basic and secondary education is expected to be a figure of students who believe and morals. This is certainly in harmony with the goal of Islamic education, the figure of students who constantly build learning experience, both in the realm of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.
The scope of Islamic education has a very wide scope, because the teachings of Islam contains teaching about the living order covering all aspects of human life, the Islamic education is a lifestyle teaching that contains the basic guidelines used by humans in living his life in this world and to prepare for his life the prosperous in the Hereafter.
The scope of Islamic education covers all areas of human life in a world where human beings are able to use it as a place to plant the seeds of amaliah whose fruit will be picked in the hereafter, the formation of values and attitude of Islamiyah amaliyah in the new human person will be achieved effectively when done through the educational process walking on the rules of educational science.
In the process of teaching and learning, the material factors determine the direction and purpose of education. Similarly, religious education given to children, the material will affect the achievement of the ultimate goal of education. Broadly speaking there are several areas of Islamic education materials, such as aqidah, worship and morals.
Islamic education is human endeavor with the guidance and leadership to help and direct the nature of the religion of the students towards the formation of the main personality in accordance with religious teachings. Thus, the scope of Islamic education according to Hasbi ash-Shidiqi include:
1. Tarbiyah Jisminiyah, namely all forms of education whose form nourishes and nourishes the body and enforce it, in order to hamper the difficulties encountered in his experience.
2. Tarbiyah Aqliyah, ie as the form of education in the lessons that result in intellectual mind sharpen the brain such as numeracy.
3. Tarbiyah Adabiyah, all kinds of practices and theories that his form improves manners and temperament. Tarbiyah adabiyah or moral character in Islamic teachings is one of the main teachings that must be taught to people to have or implement the noble morality that has been exemplified by the Messenger of Allah SWT.
Judging from the meaning and scope of Islamic education above, it is clear that Islamic religious education seeks to form strong and good personality based on the teachings of Islam. For that Islamic religious education since childhood in the family environment then subsequent formal institutional coaching (school) ranging from elementary to college level.
When viewed from the aspect of the discussion then the scope of Islamic education is commonly implemented in schools are:
a. The teaching of faith
Faith teaching means teaching and learning process about the aspect of belief, in this case of course belief according to Islamic teachings, the core of this teaching is about the pillars of Islam.
b. Moral teaching
Moral teaching is a form of teaching that leads to the formation of the soul, how to behave individually in life, this teaching means the process of teaching and learning in achieving the goal so that is taught good morals.
c. The teaching of worship
The teaching of worship is the teaching of all forms of worship and the procedure of implementation, the purpose of this teaching so that students are able to perform the worship properly and correctly. Understand all forms of worship and understand the meaning and purpose of worship.
d. Teaching fiqh
The teaching of jurisprudence is the teaching which conveys the material about all forms of Islamic law derived from the Qur'an, sunnah, and other syar'i propositions. The purpose of this teaching is for students to know and understand about the laws of Islam and implement it in everyday life.
e. Teaching the Qur'an
The teaching of the Qur'an is a teaching that aims to enable students to read the Qur'an and understand the meaning of the content contained in every verse of the Qur'an. However, in practice only certain verses are included in Islamic religious education materials that are tailored to the level of education.
f. The teaching of Islamic history
The purpose of teaching of Islamic history is that students can know about the growth and development of Islam from the beginning to the present day so that students can recognize and love the teachings of Islam.
According to Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan as quoted by Heri Jauhari Muchtar said in general the scope of Islamic education consists of seven elements of material are as follows:
a. Faith Education
This education includes faith in God, angels, God's books, prophets / apostles, the hereafter and destiny. Included in the material of worship procedures, both worship mahdhah such as prayer, zakat, fasting, and hajj; as well as worship ghair mahdhah as do good to others. The purpose of this material is for children to have a strong foundation of faith and worship.
b. Moral education
This educational material is an exercise to awaken the lusts of God and eliminate the lust of Shaytaan. In this material the child is introduced or trained on:
1) Behavior / noble character. Such as honest, humble, patient, and so forth.
2) Behavior / morally disgraceful like lies, arrogant, treacherous and so forth.
After the materials are taught to the child, is expected to have noble moral behaviors and stay away from and leave the noble moral behaviors.
c. Physical / physical education
Rasulullah never preach his people to teach mamanah, swimming, horse and martial arts to his sons and daughters. It is an instruction to us to teach physical education to children. The purpose of this material is for the child to have a healthy body and strong and have basic skills such as running, jumping and swimming.
d. Education Ratio / Intellect
Man as a creature created by Allah by being endowed with advantages such as intellect, so that this mind can develop well it needs to be trained regularly and in accordance with age and ability of the child. examples of this material is in the form of numeracy lessons or problem solving. The purpose of this material is so that children can be intelligent and able to think solutif and solve problems faced.
e. Physical Education.
In addition to the lust and reason that must be trained or educated on the human self is the psyche or conscience. In this material the child is trained to be able to nurture his conscience to become a leader in himself. And can speak the truth under any circumstances. In addition it is expected that the child has a soul or a strong conscience patient, and steadfast in living this life.
f. Social / Community Education
As we know that man has two relationship tasks to be done in his life, that is the relationship with Allah (hablumminallah) and human relationships with fellow human beings (hablumminannas).
g. Sexual Education
Sexual education is meant here is Islamic and in accordance with the development of the child's age and mental. We are concerned with the development of the current way of life of the people who more imitate the way of life that tends to be far from religious values. If this continues, it will destroy the human life, and will plunge them into a lower dignity even lower than animals.
Thus, it can be understood that the scope of Islamic education centered on the main source of Islamic teachings, namely al-Qur'an and Hadith, both at the level of basic and secondary education is expected to be a figure of students who believe and morals. This is certainly in harmony with the goal of Islamic education, the figure of students who constantly build learning experience, both in the realm of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.
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